The first rubber recoil pads were introduced for English shotguns in the 1870′s. They didn’t become stock equipment on guns until 1970′s. Simple and inexpensive, rubber pads provide only a limited recoil reduction. The next most popular technology is the dynamic muzzle brake.
Muzzle brakes became common on anti-tank rifles in the early 1940′s. Their adoption by hunters and sports shooters was delayed by the unpleasant side effects of the recoil reduction: massive muzzle blast and noise increase. As the use of hearing protection spread, the noise increase became a manageable problem. Muzzle brakes ultimately became common, enabling relatively light guns in calibers like .50 BMG to be fired without a rigid mount. For sports shooters, the dust signature caused by the muzzle brake gas flow in prone position isn’t as much of a concern as it was for the anti-tank gunners.
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