Columbia, South Carolina,
as it looked the morning after a visit
from sherman's fire fiends. "
by John T. Trowbridge
Northern
journalist
Early in the evening [of February 17] as the inhabitants,
quieted by General Sherman's assurances, were about retiring to their beds, a
rocket went up in the lower part of the city. Another in the center, and a third
in the upper part of town, succeeded. Dr. R.W. Gibbes was in the street near one
of the Federal guards, who exclaimed on seeing the signals, "My God! I pity your
city!" Mr. Goodwyn, who was mayor at the time, reports a similar remark from an
Iowa soldier. "Your city is doomed! These rockets are the signal!" Immediately
afterwards fires broke out in twenty different places.
The dwellings of
Confederate Treasury Secretary George A. Trenholm and General Wade Hampton were
among the first to burst into flames. Soldiers went from house to house,
spreading the conflagration. Fireballs, composed of cotton saturated with
turpentine, were thrown in at doors and windows. Many houses were entered and
fired by means of combustible liquids poured upon beds and clothing, ignited by
wads of burning cotton, or by matches from a soldier's pocket. The fire
department came out in force, but the hose-pipes were cut to pieces and the men
driven from the streets. At the same time universal plundering and robbery
began.
The burning of the house of R.W. Gibbes, an eminent physician,
well-known to the scientific world, was thus described to me by his
son:
"He had a guard at the front door; but some soldiers climbed in at
the rear of the house, got into the parlor, heaped together sheets, poured
turpentine over them, piled chairs on them, and set them on fire. As he
remonstrated with them, they laughed at him. The guard at the front door could
do nothing, for if he left his post, other soldiers would come in that
way.
Columbia, south carolina, as it looked the morning after a visit
from sherman's fire fiends. "The guard had a disabled foot, and my father had
dressed it for him. He appeared very grateful for the favor, and earnestly
advised my father to save all his valuables. The house was full of costly
paintings, and curiosities of art and natural history, and my father did not
know what to save and what to leave behind. He finally tied up in a bedquilt a
quantity of silver and gems. As he was going out the door the house was already
on fire behind him -- the guard said, 'Is that all you can save?" "It is all I
can carry,' said my father. 'Leave that with me,' said the guard; 'I will take
charge of it, while you go back and get another bundle.' My father thought he
was very kind. He went back for another bundles, and while he was gone, the
guard ran off on his lame leg with all the gems and silver."
The
soldiers, in their march through Georgia, and thus far into South Carolina, had
a wonderful skill in finding treasures. They had two kinds of divining-rods,"
negroes and bayonets. What the unfaithful servants of the rich failed to reveal,
the other instruments, by thorough and constant practice, were generally able to
discover. On the night of the fire, a thousand men could be seen in the yards
and gardens of Columbia by the glare of the flames, probing the earth with
bayonets.
The dismay and terror of the inhabitants can scarcely be
conceived. They had two enemies, the fire in their house and the soldiery
without. Many who attempted to bear away portions of their goods were robbed by
the way. Trunks and bundles were snatched from the hands of hurrying fugitives,
broken open, rifled, and then hurled into the flames. Ornaments were plucked
from the necks and arms of ladies, and caskets from their hands. Even children
and negroes were robbed.
Fortunately the streets of Columbia were broad,
else many of the fugitives must have perished in the flames which met them on
all sides. The exodus of homeless families, flying between walls of fire, was a
terrible and piteous spectacle. Some fled to the parks; others to the open
ground without the city; numbers sought refuge in the graveyards. Isolated and
unburned dwellings were crowded to excess with fugitives.
Three-fifths of
the city in bulk, and four-fifths in value, were destroyed. The loss of property
is estimated at thirty millions. No more respect seems to have been shown for
buildings commonly deemed sacred, than for any others. The churches were
pillaged, and afterwards burned. St. Mary's College, a Catholic institution,
shared their fate. The Catholic Convent, to which had been confided for safety
many young ladies, not nuns, and stores of treasure, was ruthlessly sacked. The
soldiers drank the sacramental wine, and profaned with fiery draughts of vulgar
whiskey the goblets of the communion services. Some went off reeling under the
weight of priestly robes, holy vessels and candlesticks.
Yet the army of
Sherman did not in its wildest orgies forget its splendid discipline. "When will
these horrors cease?" asked a lady of an officer at her house. "You will hear
the bugles at sunrise," he replied; "then they will cease, and not till then."
He prophesied truly. "At daybreak, on Saturday morning," said Gibbes, "I saw two
men galloping through the streets, blowing horns. Not a dwelling was fired after
that; immediately the town became quiet."
Some curious incidents
occurred. One man's treasure, concealed by his garden fence, escaped the
soldiers' divining-rods, but was afterwards discovered by a hitched horse pawing
the earth from the buried box. Some hidden guns had defied the most diligent
search, until a chicken, chased by a soldier ran into a hole beneath the house.
The soldier, crawling after and putting in his hand for the chicken, found the
guns.
A soldier, passing in the streets and seeing some children playing
with a beautiful little greyhound, amused himself by beating its brains out.
Some treasures were buried in cemeteries, but they did not always escape the
search of the soldiers, who showed a strong distrust of new-made
graves.
Of the desolation and horrors our army left behind it, no
description can be given. Here is a single instance: At a factory on the
Congaree, just out of Columbia, there remained for six weeks a pile of
sixty-five dead horses and mules, shot by Sherman's men. It was impossible to
bury them, all the shovels, spades, and other farming implements of the kind
having been carried off or destroyed.
Columbia must have been a beautiful
city, judging by its ruins. Many fine residences still remain on the outskirts,
but the entire heart of the city is a wilderness of crumbling walls, naked
chimneys, and trees killed by the flames. The fountains of the desolated gardens
are dry, the basins cracked; the pillars of the houses are dismantled, or
overthrown; the marble steps are broken. All these attest to the wealth and
elegance which one night of fire and orgies sufficed to destroy.
