United News Newsreel Operation Pluto (Pipe-Lines Under The Ocean) was a
World War II operation by British scientists, oil companies and armed
forces to construct undersea oil pipelines under the English Channel
between England and France. The scheme was developed by Arthur Hartley,
chief engineer with the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. Allied forces on the
European continent required a tremendous amount of fuel.
Pipelines were
considered necessary to relieve dependence on oil tankers, which could
be slowed by bad weather, were susceptible to German submarines, and
were also needed in the Pacific War. Geoffrey William Lloyd, the
Minister for Petroleum, met Admiral Mountbatten, Chief of Combined
Operations, whose area this was, in 1942 and then the Chairman of
Anglo-Iranian. Hartley's idea of using adapted submarine telephone cable
was adopted.
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