Tuesday, July 21, 2020

Legend and Lies at Gettysburg

 

The Legend of the Speech

Abraham Lincoln’s dedicatory speech of the memorial cemetery at Gettysburg “Gettysburg Address” has, like its author, achieved a kind of apotheosis. The soldiers,  about whom it was written and to whom the memorial itself was dedicated, are virtually forgotten.  Observers today consider the Gettysburg Address the American political creed, a “prose poem” of the triumph of freedom and equality.  Delivered in 1863 during the height of the Civil War, Lincoln’s dedicatory speech is only three paragraphs long.  Even today, schoolchildren often learn it by heart.  The content of this most rousing and triumphant of eulogies is bracingly simple.  Lincoln begins by reminding his audience of the Founding Fathers’ conviction of the undeniable truth that all men are created equal.  This undeniable truth, he claims, provides the Union its strength and assures it of victory in the present “struggle”.  From there he pivots, consoling the people of the Union and thanking them for their loyalty, steadfastness, and great sacrifice in the cause of preserving the Constitution against the rebellious South.  Despite the latter’s pretensions to “secession”, he offers an olive branch to the thoroughly defeated confederates, promising reunification and forgiveness for those prepared to free their slaves.  Meditating in fulsome detail upon the Union soldiers who had died, he praises both their deeds in battle and their self-conscious dedication to the goal of emancipating and enfranchising the African-Americans in bondage.  Closing with a flourish, he prophesies the inevitable victory of constitutional government and democracy in America, portending hope for harmonic relations between the races in a “new birth of freedom”.  This is the Gettysburg Address that court historians usually cherish as the creed of our national political theology.  

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