While
in Paris Jefferson sent home his design for the Virginia capitol, a
building to be “simple and sublime . . . copied from the most precious
[mode of ancient] architecture remaining on earth.” He wrote that from
“Lyons to Nismes I have been nourished with the remains of Roman
grandeur . . . I am immersed in [antiquities from morning to night].
Understanding that modern man stood on the shoulders of giants, the men
like Jefferson looked to the past for guidance in their experiment in
government.
Bernhard Thuersam, Director
Cape Fear Historical Institute
"Documenting Cape Fear People, Places and History"
America’s Classical Catalyst
“We
no longer characteristically study the ancient tongues. Greek has
disappeared from most public education; Latin has shrunk to a shadow of
its importance in the days when the founding fathers read it fluently;
and though the vogue of courses in translation and of general education
has restored a certain pale of vitality to the Greeks, it has done less
for the Romans. For these and other reasons the notion that the
classical past has exerted an important influence on the culture of the
United States seems to many absurd.
Yet
evidence of that influence lies all around us. Many villages, towns and
cities have either classical names such as Rome, Troy, Athens,
Syracuse, Ithaca, Utica, Alexandria, or Augusta, or names compounded,
sometimes uncouthly, out of one or more classical elements, as
Thermopolis, Minneapolis, Itasca, or Spotsylvania.
Our
streets are sometimes known as Euclid Avenue, Appian Way, Acadia Drive,
or Phaeton Road. The names of the States occasionally reveal
classicism, as in the cases of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Georgia.
The
American college occupies something called a campus, a word that came
into American English in this sense in 1774. Fraternities and
sororities display Greek letters standing for words known only to the
initiate, as if the Eleusinian mysteries were still operative. Certain
categories of students in high school and college are sophomores,
juniors and seniors; the first of these Latin derivatives dates (in this
country) from 1726, the third to 1651, and the middle term from some
period in between.
Constitutionally
we are not a democracy but a republic; that is, res publica, a phrase
referring to the commonweal, which in the sense of a government by
elected representatives came into English in the seventeenth century.
The congress meets not in a parliament house . . . but a capitol, a word
originally designating a citadel or temple on a hilltop, like the
Jupiter Optimus Maximus which stood on the Capitoline Hill in Rome.
The
great seal of the United States bears an eagle, a bird suggested by the
eagle of the legions, the difference being that the American eagle is a
bald eagle and not a Roman one. It clasps and olive branch in one
talon, a sheaf of arrows in the other, emblems of peace and war . . .
having classical connotations. The figure is surrounded by an enigmatic
Latin phrase, E pluribus unum.
Our
coinage, largely created by Jefferson, is decimal coinage . . . it was
early agreed that our hard money would not show the head of any living
president, partly because Roman coins had displayed the heads of deified
emperors. The goddess [Liberty] persists . . . she is known as
Columbia, but she is always a goddess. She is clad in classical
garment; and on her head, or near her on a pole or standard she
sometimes clasps, is a Phyrgian cap, worn in Rome by liberated slaves.
That
the young nation should have accepted a set of classical coordinates to
particularize components of its government and its republican culture
is less astonishing than its failure would have been. To western man
between the fall of Constantinople (1453) and the fall of Napoleon
(1815) the classical past was perpetually a catalytic agent, a dynamic
force so wonderful and so elusive that generation after generation of
thinkers recast Greece and Rome in their own images.
If
the humanists did not literally rediscover antiquity, they remolded it,
they energized it, they caused it to shine upon the horizon of European
culture with a golden splendor. [This study revealed to them] a world
at once timeless and flexible, elusive and permanent, a lost Utopia of
the west inhabited by noble beings – Aspasia, Pericles, Marcus Aurelius,
Horatius Cato, Cornelia, Caesar, Harmodius, Aristogeiton – men and
women capable of creating republics and extending empires, writing
tragedies and concocting satires, codifying wisdom and anticipating
modernity. They were the wisest and most beautiful of mankind.”
(O Strange New World, Howard Mumford Jones, The Viking Press, 1964, pp. 227-234)
Today's Common Core student would have absolutely no understanding of what you just posted...none whatsoever.
ReplyDeleteor much of anything that takes reasoning.
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